Some cool community health images:

Baldwin Hills Aerial


Image by The City Project
The City Project has worked with diverse community groups for years to help make the dream come true for a two square mile park in the Baldwin Hills in the historic African American heart of Los Angeles. We worked with the community to stop the power plant in the Park in 2001, to stop the garbage dump in the Park in 2003, and to save the Baldwin Hills Conservancy and budget in 2005 when a governor’s commission threatened to eliminate both.

We are working with the community, Community Health Councils, and Baldwin Hills Conservancy to submit ensure full and fair analyses of health and environmental impacts of oil drilling through the environmental impact report and community standards district, and temporary moratorium on new oil wells. Learn more at www.greaterbaldwinhillsalliance.org and www.baldwinhillsoil.org

Community health worker


Image by Julien Harneis
We visited a nutrition centre at Mahagi’s Anglican Health centre. The programme is supervised by COOPI and UNICEF provides the medicines, therapeutic milk and supplementary feeding products. It is the only nutrition centre for the whole of Mahagi health zone which has a population of about 130,000 people and is in some points 80km wide. The staff and community health workers, who are spread out across the zone, have been trained on how to identify, prevent and treat malnutrition.

by Korean Resource Center 민족학교

Health insurance Company Georgia and Government agencies work together

Many government agencies are developing programs to reduce disease risk and promote good health. They are establishing services that target unhealthy behaviors to improve Americans’ health. Some of these unhealthy behaviors include smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, risky youth behaviors, and lack of preventive healthcare.

Some health insurance company Georgia already provides many of the same services these government agencies are promoting. Many health insurance company Georgia offer resources and incentives for members to stop smoking. There are many programs in place to help people quit smoking, which is very hard to do without assistance. Many health insurance company Georgia also offer educational material to help with early detection of chronic diseases. For example, diabetes and asthma often have a section of materials dedicated to them, to help members identify symptoms early on and also to offer ideas and hints to keep the symptoms as manageable as possible.

Health Insurance Company Georgia focuses on many of the same things government agencies are focusing on. Some target areas include building health public policy. Both health insurance companies Georgia and the government focus a lot of energy into lobbying for better health care policies. The current focus on health care reform is one example of that. Another target area for both health insurance company Georgia and government agencies are creating an environment that supports and promotes health. This is done at the federal level by promoting health education, and at the local level by schools that support physical education requirements, for example. At the individual level, each person is responsible for encouraging healthy eating habits and exercise for themselves and their children. Also, using the resources and benefits provided by a health insurance company Georgia provider.

It is important that government agencies work along with health insurance company Georgia to strengthen the community. Many health insurance company Georgia will contribute to the health of the community by building playgrounds, or having community health drives, or providing other free or low cost services in the community. Sometimes a health insurance company Georgia will sponsor health related events or activities, in order to promote and encourage others to participate in healthy living habits. You can check on the web site for any health insurance company Georgia to see their press releases and you will be impressed with the many ways they work to strengthen their community, by developing programs and providing incentives for good health.

A final focus of government agencies and health insurance company Georgia is to reorient health services toward prevention and improving health. This is as opposed to merely treating medical problems after they have occurred. Many people see health insurance as just a means to treat medical problems. However, a health insurance company Georgia knows that a wise consumer will use health insurance as a way to prevent and improve health, and therefore avoid medical problems.

health insurance Company Georgia communicates and educations about health issues, promote self help and personal responsibility for health, and encourage organizational change. All of these strategies work towards the mutual goal of improved health and reduced medical problems.

South Australian Community Health Association Membership

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Check out these community health images:

Community Health Promoters Meeting 10-26-07 (7)


Image by Korean Resource Center 민족학교
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Community Health Promoters Meeting 10-26-07 (5)


Image by Korean Resource Center 민족학교
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Community Health Promoters Meeting 10-26-07 (16)


Image by Korean Resource Center 민족학교
Samsung digital camera

“Using YouTube in Community Health Education & Practice” was presented at the 12th Annual Public Health Nursing Conference on August 18, 2009 by Kim E. Whitmore, RN, MSN, CPN, Assistant Professor of Nursing at Concordia University Wisconsin. For more information, please email kimberly.whitmore@cuw.edu. Special thanks to all those who attended this break-out session and to the SEWEAP group for encouraging me to present at the conference.
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The Jane Pauley Community Health Center will offer primary health care services, including preventive and annual exams, well-child care, acute care and certain procedures. The center also will focus on the management of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiac disease and depression.

by Korean Resource Center 민족학교

Prevention of AIDS/HIV in Unani way

PROJECT: In Brazil, the actions of prevention and control of STD/HIV in the community/primary health care basis have been done by the community health care workers (CHCW). There were two program carrying on their actions with the CHCW: The Community Health Care Workers Program (CHCWP) and The Family Health Program (FHP). The principal strategy of those programs are: information, education and counseling for HIV testing of all STD patients and all pregnant women; identification and referral of STD patients and their partners to the primary health care units; and home follow up of pregnant women regarding to their VDRL status. The CHCWP team is composed by one nurse and a maximum of 30 CHCW. Each CHCW follows monthly 200 to 250 families, if in rural or urban area respectively. On the present moment, in Brazil, we have 2,217 nurses and 44,532 CHCW following 6,017,339 families. The FHP team is composed by one community doctor, one nurse, two auxiliary nurses, and four CHCW. Each CHCW follows 200 families. So, on the present moment we have 969 team of FHP with means 3,876 CHCW following 775,200 families. Those programs have been expanded along the country. RESULT: With the actions above described we achieve to: break the chain transmission of STD/HIV; decrease the vertical transmission of HIV; manage adequately the STD cases by using the syndromic approach and eliminate the congenital syphilis as a public health problem. LESSONS LEARNED: The identification of actions for preventing and controlling STD/HIV by using the CHCW has the advantage of giving to the population the appropriate information/education in STD/HIV/Aids respecting their social, cultural principles and their way of communication. STD Control Research Strategy Overview Multiple studies have suggested that STDs are important cofactors in the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection. An “epidemiologic synergy” exists between STDs and HIV, and thus control of one may have beneficial effects on the control of the other. The primary hypothesis of the STD Control Scientific Committee is that interventions designed for more effective control of STDs should reduce the incidence of HIV. Results from two community randomized trials which address this hypothesis have been published. The results were contradictory – one study having positive results in decreasing HIV incidence (Mwanza), and the other study having limited or no effect on HIV incidence (Rakai). Data from a third trial (Musaka) were presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference in Barcelona; like Rakai, it found no impact. Careful analysis of the data from all three trials showed a unifying theme, namely that these studies need to be done in settings with high STD incidence and increasing HIV incidence. Effective STD control requires both targeted and more generalized strategies. Targeted interventions that reduce transmission in core groups (such as sex workers) with a high rate of partner exchange, and bridging groups (such as migrant workers, truck drivers etc), who seed new sexual networks, have led to rapid STD control in several areas (e.g., Thailand; South African mining areas; and Nairobi, Kenya). Research has shown that improved access to quality STD services for the general population alone can have a measurable impact on HIV transmission, especially in populations with growing HIV epidemics. Although the highest research priority identified within the STD Scientific Committee at its first meeting was a community randomized hybrid study combining these interventions, the HPTN has not had either site capability or funding to approve such a trial. Meanwhile, the emergence of genital herpes, especially in the context of mature HIV epidemics, highlights the evolving nature of STD epidemiology. Recent data from Rakai show a nearly five-fold association of HSV-2 with HIV-1 acquisition. Building on the extensive literature that has shown that genital ulcers are a risk factor for HIV acquisition, the HPTN is supporting HPTN 039, which examines the effect of acyclovir mediated suppression of HSV-2 infection on the acquisition of HIV. Because antiretrovirals are still out of reach of the majority of those infected with HIV, and HIV-related immunosuppression facilitates HSV-2 clinical expression, HSV-2 infection is likely to become an important cofactor in mature epidemics, and thus increase the risk of HSV transmission. What is known Targeted interventions that improve STD treatment and increase condom use in high-risk core/bridging networks may have the greatest impact on sexual transmission of curable STDs, HSV and HIV. Specific intensive STD interventions such as selective mass (presumptive) STD treatment to high-frequency transmitters can bring about rapid reductions in STD prevalence. Continuous access to improved STD services may have greater impact on HIV transmission than intermittent mass treatment in the general population and such services are important long-term elements of sustainable STD control. Treatment of asymptomatic STDs is critical to reducing STD prevalence and the often serious complications of STD. STD treatment is especially critical in populations with substantial rates of STDs and early or growing HIV epidemics. In later stages of the HIV epidemic, the contribution of STDs to the spread of HIV may be minimal. Genital ulcers are potent cofactors in both HIV transmission and acquisition, as evidenced by odds and risk ratios that are consistently higher than those for non-ulcerative STD. In addition to the curable causes of ulcers (chancroid and syphilis), HSV-2 is becoming a more important cause of ulcers in areas with mature HIV epidemics Lack of male circumcision is correlated with higher risks of HIV acquisition. Future Directions The STD Scientific Committee has focused its efforts on the successful implementation of HPTN 039 (suppressive HSV-2 therapy trial) in the field. The STD Scientific Committee continues to monitor the STD-HIV field of research for development of future study concepts. The STD Scientific Committee also plans to continue to increase the level of interaction with other working groups that are developing STD intervention studies, such as the microbicides and behavioral working groups. Guiding Principles: Any STD intervention trial designed to prevent HIV transmission/acquisition needs to be conducted in early phase epidemics with high incidence of HIV and STDs. STDs can serve as biomarkers or surrogate markers for HIV incidence. Trials must be designed in the context of the current state of HIV therapy in the community (may need to shift focus to transmission of HIV and transmission and/or STD acquisition). Wisconsin Schools Should Instruct About Birth Control And STD’sThe Wisconsin State Legislature is to be applauded for moving forward with a much-needed sex education bill. On Thursday the State Senate voted along party lines to ensure that if a public school taught sex education students must be instructed about birth control and sexually transmitted diseases. If the bill is signed into law by Governor Doyle it would take effect in the 2010 school year. The fact that we just do not mandate sex education in all public schools is still a mystery to me. Puritanical thinking controls more areas of public life than we care to admit, and the fight over this current proposal is proof of that fact. When it comes to a lack of proper sex education we are not only talking about unwanted pregnancies, but also diseases that can lead to death. It would then seem to be clear to all that sex education matters. But that does not stop many from arguing against the needed common-sense legislation. One of the reasons the bill winding through the state legislature is credible concerns the fact that ‘abstinence only’ is a bankrupt idea. Abstinence programs are outdated, and do not work. They have been proven to make a bad situation worse in that teenagers who pledge never to have sex until marriage fail to use condoms or other protective means when they realize the pledge is just not very practical. Unprotected sex can lead to pregnancy and STD’s and therefore ‘abstinence only’ programs are not what the government should be promoting. Thankfully, most elected Wisconsin Democrats are not drinking the ‘abstinence only’ kool-aid and are putting sound judgement and the health of young people ahead of political posturing. The fact is that teenagers have sex. Whether we want them to or not, it is going to happen. So with that as a starting point, it is vital that they be supplied with the right information, such as how to use a condom. By pretending that they will not be acting like average teenagers we only delude ourselves. By our failing to provide the necessary facts in order to help them to make sound decisions only undermines the ones we profess to care about. For Republicans to pretend that ‘abstinence only’ is a practical idea, and use the ‘local control’ argument as a means to fight for it, does not serve our youth. Such arguments may play well to conservative voters at election time, but fail to remedy a real need among our nation’s youth. Thankfully the majority in the state legislature understood the leadership role they needed to play, and acted on behalf of the health and well-being of our state’s youth when passing the sex education bill. I have long-argued that ‘abstinence only’ programs were not positive ways to instill healthy thoughts about sex to our youth. Playing to those parents who nurture the idea that sex is not a positive or healthy value, and then instilling that in children, (which is the cornerstone of ‘abstinence only’ programs) should not be encouraged in our public schools. There are better ways to deal with teenage sexuality than pretending it does not exist, or foster negative views that will ill-serve the child long into adulthood. Sexually transmitted diseases (also known as STDs — or STIs for “sexually transmitted infections”) are infectious diseases that spread from person to person through intimate contact. STDs can affect guys and girls of all ages and backgrounds who are having sex — it doesn’t matter if they’re rich or poor. Unfortunately, STDs have become common among teens. Because teens are more at risk for getting some STDs, it’s important to learn what you can do to protect yourself. STDs are more than just an embarrassment. They’re a serious health problem. If untreated, some STDs can cause permanent damage, such as infertility (the inability to have a baby) and even death (in the case of HIV/AIDS). How STDs Spread One reason STDs spread is because people think they need to have sexual intercourse to become infected. That’s wrong. A person can get some STDs, like herpes or genital warts, through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area or sore. Another myth about STDs is that you can’t get them if you have oral or anal sex. That’s also wrong because the viruses or bacteria that cause STDs can enter the body through tiny cuts or tears in the mouth and anus, as well as the genitals. STDs also spread easily because you can’t tell whether someone has an infection. In fact, some people with STDs don’t even know that they have them. These people are in danger of passing an infection on to their sex partners without even realizing it. Some of the things that increase a person’s chances of getting an STD are: Sexual activity at a young age. The younger a person starts having sex, the greater his or her chances of becoming infected with an STD. Lots of sex partners. People who have sexual contact — not just intercourse, but any form of intimate activity — with many different partners are more at risk than those who stay with the same partner. Unprotected sex. Latex condoms are the only form of birth control that reduce your risk of getting an STD. Spermicides, diaphragms, and other birth control methods may help prevent pregnancy, but they don’t protect a person against STDs. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes Simplex HIV/AIDS HPV Syphilis Trichomoniasis Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby. If you have an STD caused by bacteria or parasites, your health care provider can treat it with antibiotics or other medicines. If you have an STD caused by a virus, there is no cure. Sometimes medicines can keep the disease under control. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes Simplex HIV/AIDS HPV Syphilis Trichomoniasis Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby.

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A few nice community health images I found:

Department-of-behavioral-sciences-and community health-mph-ms-gradustes and teachers-22-may-ali-imran-mph-2006


Image by International Public Health
Group of Dept of behaviolral sciences and community Health.
Ali Imran,MBBS,MD,MPH (International health)

Community LINK Health Day


Image by Christiana Care
Residents and neighbors of the 1900 block of Market Street were LINKed to health services during a Community Health Day that offered the Wilmington community free and easy access to health screenings and information.

On Oct. 3, 2009, Christiana Care’s Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and other community partners presented the second LINK (Linking the community, Immediate health information, Navigating the road and Knocking out disparities) in a chain of opportunities to eliminate health disparities.

More than 100 residents stopped by Community Health Day. A large number took advantage of the free on-site screenings such as HIV and chronic disease screenings that included cholesterol, sugar and blood pressure. In addition, there was cancer awareness education and information available to attendees. For the kids, there was music, healthy snacks, giveaways and a moon bounce.

“Part of the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center’s mission as National Cancer Institute-selected Community Cancer Center is breaking barriers and ‘knocking out disparities,’” says Nora Katurakes, RN, MSN, OCN, Christiana Care’s manager of Community Health Outreach and Education. “What better way to do this than to partner with people in the community who know their neighbors.”

This Community Health Day LINKs Christiana Care with the Wilmington Senior Center, Greater Brandywine Village Revitalization, Market Street Pharmacy, McConnell Johnson RealEstate, LLC., City of Wilmington Parks & Recreation and other local community partners. The goal is to connect people with little or no health insurance to health care and disease prevention services.

by Korean Resource Center 민족학교

Communication is the Cause of Many Issues in the Workplace

Communication is the cause of many issues in the workplace – or rather the lack of communication.  Bad communication leads to arguments, misunderstandings, errors and time wasted trying to determine the way forward.

The lack of communication can have an impact on

Health and Safety Equality and Diversity Performance Employee engagement Employee loyalty Change management

Communicating Health and Safety policy to your employees is a legal requirement and a requirement under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.  Health and Safety matters need to be communicated effectively in order to avoid accidents at work.  If an accident has taken place in the workplace it needs to be communicated in order for it to be investigated so that similar or more severe accidents do not happen in the future.  By law any accidents that result in an absence of 3 or more days – that is, an employee is absent or is unable to perform their normal day to day tasks for a period of 3 or more consecutive days, major injury, injuries to members of the public, lose of consciousness or death must be reported to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as soon as possible after its occurrence or a fine will be levied.   This falls under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (1995) (RIDDOR)

Failure to communicate your policy on Equality and Diversity could lead to instances of bullying and harassment that would leave you open, as an organisation to Employee Tribunals or prosecution under civil law. 

If your employees do not receive an adequate induction when they join your organisation where the policies are made clear and their duties are provided – which is also a legal requirement – then performance issues will arise.  If employees are not informed and communicated to they will not be engaged and then their loyalty will be questioned. 

The biggest failure of Change Management is the lack of communication.  Getting people to understand why the change is happening is the biggest hurdle to them accepting it. 

The biggest change to communicate effectively is redundancy.  Redundancy is one change that affects everyone in an organisation whether you are being made redundant or not.  Even if the redundancy taking place is being done on a voluntary basis, the communication still needs to be clear and easy to understand. 

So why is communication in the work place so difficult?  Is it a lack of understanding ourselves of what needs to and is happening? 

How to improve our communication

Improving our communication can be an easy task if we want it to.  First we must identify how we communicate and the first step here is to listen to those that we communicate with.  This means Actively listening to what is being said not just to the words that are being used but, how it is being said and why.  Professor Albert Mehrabian has carried out much research in the field of body language and non-verbal communications.  His most famous model, and one that is frequently quoted and often inaccurately is that communication is made up of

7% of meaning in the words that are spoken. 38% of meaning is paralinguistic (the way that the words are said). 55% of meaning is in facial expression.

Source: www.businessballs.com

This is the simplified version.  Mehrabian’s research stated that these figures were pertaining to feelings and attitudes in each area.  When we actively listen we need to be aware of all three areas when the communication is verbal and face to face.  When we communicate with another medium, Telephone, written, email etc, this model then becomes unreliable.

By listening to who we communicate with we are able to understand if our message has got across.  If it has not then our verbalising of it needs work to make it clearer.  The fewer questions that are asked can mean that the message is understood or that they were not listening in the first place!

When the communication is written, there is more reliance on the words used and their interpreted meaning by the reader.  Written communications need to be thought through carefully and the words used, used wisely.  Reading English does depend on your frame of mind when reading it.  The same sentence read in three different frames of mind, anger, upset or happy will have three completely different meanings.  The written message will not have changed, only your state of mind. 

Staying with that theme, email is a fast and sometimes efficient way of communicating with many people at the same time.  How many of us have received an email and been enraged with it’s content and fired off a reply only to regret it when the message is read again at a later time or date?  The message has not changed, just our state of mind. 

Communicating on the telephone is slightly easier as you can respond with questions if the message received touches a nerve to clarify understanding.  Without the visual cues, communication gets harder.  VOIP, Voice Over Internet Protocol, services such as Skype, Windows Messenger and others offer video calls.  This provides us with the three areas and Mahbrabian’s model comes into play. 

If we are able to say confidently that our communication is good – and be honest with yourself here, most of us could improve in some area!  Then we need to try and understand how the other person communicates. 

There are various models of how we communicate around, for example

NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming) Transactional Analysis

NLP was created in the 1970s by Richard Bandler and Dr John Grinder.  It was developed to study the world’s greatest therapists – Dr Milton Erickson, father of modern hypnotherapy; Fritz Perls, creator of Gestalt therapy; and Virginia Satir, the mother of modern-day family therapy.  They wanted to discover what made these therapists effective[1].  What they came up with was NLP.  An explanation of what NLP was provided by Richard Bandler – ‘NLP is an attitude and a methodology, which leave behind a trail of techniques.’ And Dr John Grinder, ‘NLP is an accelerated learning strategy for the detection and utilization of patterns in the world.’

Within NLP three communication styles are described, these are 

Visual Auditory Kinaesthetic

A person that that communicates visually, use pictures and images to describe something and uses phrases such as, ‘I see where you are coming from’ or, ‘The way I picture it’. 

A person that communicates auditory – uses sound – to describe something uses phrases like, ‘It sounds like…’ or, ‘I hear what you are saying’.  They will also have an internal voice and usually rehearse conversations before having them.

A person that communicates kinaesthetically uses feelings and gut feel to describe something and usually uses phrases like, ‘I feel that…’ or, ‘That doesn’t sit well with me’.

Transactional Analysis was developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s.  Berne describes three communication states Parent, Adult and Child.  These states are within us all as we have all have had an authority figure growing up (Parent), we are adults and we have all been children.

In the model there are different states within Parent and Child.  A Parent will either be nurturing or domineering.  A Child will either be adapted (positively or negatively) or free (creative, mischievous, free thinking).  An Adult is level headed and calm.

Neither of the communication styles in NLP or Transactional Analysis is right or wrong and we will use all of them at some point.  We have a style that is stronger than all the others and this will be our preferred communication style. 

When using Transactional Analysis, the ideal state for effective communication is Adult to Adult as this is the most productive.  The goal of Transactional Analysis is to leave a transaction (conversation) in the state of ‘I’m OK, You’re OK’ and this is only achieved in an Adult to Adult transaction. 

When you understand how another person communicates, especially in NLP, you are able to mirror (copy) their communication style and communicate more effectively with them.  In Transactional Analysis you want to get the other person to the Adult state – as long as that is where you are! – for effective communication. 

When you are being communicated to, ask questions to clarify what is being said and if the communication is not clear make the other person work a bit harder to explain what it is they mean.  We can all help each other with our communication skills and this can only improve the way messages are delivered and received. 

[1] Source: www.businessbalss.com

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